Ethno-Geometry: A Concept

Whether it’s Kashikari tiles or Zillij, Shyrdak or the Ralli quilt, or the art of Xysta from the village of Pyrgi in Greece, one phenomenon ties them all together: a traditional understanding of complex geometry.

In Pyrgi, a village on the island of Chios, walls are decorated using a technique called scraffito. A layer of white lime is applied to the surface, and then geometric patterns — rectangles, triangles, circles, and other shapes — are carefully scratched away to reveal the darker layer beneath.

The resulting designs display perfect symmetry, both axial and central, and sometimes even incorporate proportions based on the golden ratio. Similar geometric traditions can be found across Turkey, Iran, and Morocco.

This shared understanding of complex geometry as folk knowledge is a fascinating concept. It reflects both an intuitive and practical grasp of mathematical principles, deeply embedded in cultural practices, crafts, architecture, and everyday life.

These art forms demonstrate remarkable skill in the use of geometric shapes, symmetry, and spatial relationships. Children often absorb this knowledge by watching and later practising under the guidance of skilled artisans — sometimes their own parents, aunts, or uncles.

The knowledge is also functional. For instance, Ralli quilts are typically made from fabric scraps, reducing waste while creating beauty. In other cases, this geometric sensibility is applied to construction and architecture — merging utility with artistic and cultural expression.